Search Engines: A Perspective in Information Retrieval
P.G DAMODHARAN. B.Sc., MA. MLISc. MPhil, PGDLAN
Asst. Librarian. P.G Library
KLN College of Information Technology,
E – Mail:damo_dharan31@yahoo.com.
Abstract:
A search engine continues to retrieve information seekers everyday and its users effectively with service oriented in delivering and focusing the results with there relevant to their information needs. Moreover, traditional search engines really provide ideas for their information and selecting the page for results form the list and interact with users and search engine effectively. And Web search support system will surely fulfils the requirements from search engine and its provides, to access information at right time.
What is a search Engine
A search engine is a program designed to fetch information stored on a computer systems in World Wide Web or a personal computer. The search engine allows one to ask for query in specific criteria typically those containing a given word or phrase and it retrieve a list of references that match those criteria. Search engines use regularly updated indexes to operate quickly and efficiently. Search engine usually refers to a Web which retrieves the information within the fraction of time on Web.
History of Search Engines
The very first tool used for searching on the Internet was called "Archie", was created in 1990 by Alan Emtage to find out directory listings of all the files located on public anonymous FTP (File Transfer Protocol) sites. While Archie indexed computer files, "Gopher" indexed plain text documents. Gopher was created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota.
Two other programs, "Veronica" and "Jughead," searched the files stored in Gopher index systems. Veronica (Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-wide Index to Computerized Archives) provided a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings. Jughead (Jonzy's Universal Gopher Hierarchy Excavation And Display) was a tool for obtaining menu information from various Gopher servers.
List of Search Engines and the year it was launched
1993 Aliweb
1994 WebCrawler
1994 Infoseek
1994 Lycos
1995 AltaVista
1995 Excite
1996 Dogpile
1996 Inktomi
1996 Ask Jeeves
1997 Northern Light
1998 Google
1999 AlltheWeb
2000 Teoma
2003 Objects Search
2004 Yahoo
2005 MSN S
2005 Kosmix
2005 FinQoo Meta Search
2006 Quaero
2006 Blorby
Need for Search Engines in this digital evolution
In this digital era of evolution there are billions of pages on the Web. Pages are being posted every minute in the web. WWW is estimated to contain about 7 billion pages of publicly-accessible information and it grows at an exponential rate: tripling in size over the past two years the information available on the web is in different languages/formats/types and also in various places and systems. New data appearing every day/. Old data disappearing, to retrieve the requirement of information of an individuals search engine plays a vital role in all category’s of people in this world.
Benefits of search engines
The usefulness of a search engine depends on the relevance of the results it gives back. While there may be millions of Web pages that include a particular word or phrase, some pages may be more relevant, popular, or authoritative than others. Most search engines employ methods to rank the results to provide the "best" results first. How a search engine decides which pages are the best matches, and what order the results should be shown in, varies widely from one engine to another. The methods also change over time as Internet usage changes and new techniques evolve.
Most web search engines are commercial ventures supported by advertising revenue and, as a result, some employ the controversial practice of allowing advertisers to pay money to have their listings ranked higher in search results.
The vast majority of search engines are run by private companies using proprietary algorithms and closed databases, the most popular currently being Google, MSN Search, and Yahoo! Search. However, Open source search engine technology does exist, such as ht://Dig, Nutch, Senas, Egothor, OpenFTS, DataparkSearch and many others. Quickly learn the features of your favorites, or find out about the latest new engines and directories, use sites such as the following. Greg Notess, Danny Sullivan and Stephen Bell do the work for you with news, features charts, reviews and search strategies.
Search Engine Showdown - http://www.searchengineshowdown.com
Search Engine Watch - http://www.searchenginewatch.com
Stephen Bell's Keeping Up Web Page - http://staff.philau.edu/bells/keepup/inetsearch.htm
Internet Scout - http://scout.wisc.edu
To get daily new about search engines, subscribe to the following:
SearchEngineBlog - http://www.searchengineblog.com
GoogleBlog - http://www.blogger.com
How search engines work
The three parts of a search engine
It identifies web pages to be included in the database
It mechanism the indexes the sites
It searches mechanism which scans, for keywords within the index.
At run time:
Users search the index through queries
Documents in which the search terms occur are presented as "hits."
The documents are listed according to some relevance criteria.
Search Engines and its Operations
Its operates accordingly as follows
§ Crawling
§ Indexing
§ Searching
Web search engines work by storing information about a large number of web pages, which they retrieve from the WWW itself. These pages are retrieved by a web crawler
i) (a spider) — an automated web browser which follows every link it sees, exclusions can be made by the use of robots.txt. The contents of each page are then analyzed to determine how it should be indexed (for example, words are extracted from the titles, headings, or special fields called meta tags). Data about web pages is stored in an index database for use in later queries.
ii) Some search engines, such as Google, store all or part of the source page (referred to as a cache) as well as information about the web pages, whereas some store every word of every page it finds, such as AltaVista. This cached page always holds the actual search text since it is the one that was actually indexed, so it can be very useful when the content of the current page has been updated and the search terms are no longer in it.
ii) When a user comes to the search engine and makes a query, typically by giving key words, the engine looks up the index and provides a listing of best-matching web pages according to its criteria, usually with a short summary containing the document's title and sometimes parts of the text. Most search engines support the use of the Boolean terms AND, OR and NOT to further specify the search query. An advanced feature is proximity search, which allows you to define the distance between keywords.
Free downloaded Search Engine
Free Download eBooks Search Engine http://www.ebookee. com/ Free-eBooks. net http://www.free- ebooks.net/ http://www.ibiblio. org/collection/ collection. php?second= eFree e-books http://www.e- book.com. au/freebooks. htmFree Book Spot is a free e-books links library where you can find and download free books in almost any category. http://www.freebook spot.com/ eLibrary - Open Ebooks Directory http://e-library. net/ Free Books, MP3 Audio Books http://www.free- books.org/Dictionaries: http://www.truly- free.org/Electronic Concept http://www.science- ebooks.com/ publish/Best Places to Get Free Books - The Ultimate Guide http://www.friedbee f.com/2007/ 04/09/best- places-to- get-free- books-the- ultimate- guide/Free Online Computer Science and Programming Books, Textbooks http://www.freetechbooks.com/ ShareBooks - free downloads of quality eBooks http://www.shareboo ks.ca/Project Gutenberg http://www.gutenber g.org/browse/ scores/topFree CDs and Free Ebooks
http: //www.free- cds.org/ Free IT, Computer, Technology, Internet, Programming e-Books list http://www.ebookee. com/tech. htmlOpen Access e-Books http://www.digitall ibrary.edu. pk/OAEBooks. html Best Places to Get Free Books http://lifehacker. biz/articles/ best-places- to-get-free- books/ Internet Public Library: Online Texts http://www.ipl. org/div/subject/ browse/hum60. 60.00/ Library Corner Here are links, phone numbers, and addresses to FREE reading and audio material, online and otherwise, that is of interest to the vision impaired, their families and their care giving community. http://www.visionww .org/library. htmBartleby.com: Great Books Online -- Encyclopedia, Dictionary etc., http://www.bartleby .com/ Electronic Books http://www.stockton .lib.ca.us/ ebooks.htm Where to get books http://wheretogetbo oks.info/ ?language= enFree Ebooks » Ebook Library http://www.getfreee books.com/ ?cat=26EPUB eBooks a FREE service http://www.web- books.com/eBook Libraries http://drscavanaugh .org/ebooks/ libraries/ ebook_libraries. htmdmoz e-books http://www.dmoz. org/Computers/ E-Books/Titles/Top Public E-book Sites http://library. aus.edu/AboutUs/ ebooks.htmOnline library offers 1.5m books for free http://news. zdnet.co. uk/internet/ 0,1000000097, 39291122, 00.htm14 Free Books from Sams Free Reference Library http://ebooks. mzwriter. com/2007/ 04/25/14- free-books- from-sams- free-reference- library-2. htmlMajor Text Sites
http://www.lib. utexas.edu/ books/etext. htmlFree e-books - Physics http://www.physicsf orums.com/ archive/index. php/t-58803. htmleBooks.com - Help - Frequently asked questions
http://www.ebooks. com/help/ FAQ.aspDirectory of Publishers and Vendors http://www.acqweb. org/pubr/ online.html Complete free 6 e-Books http://www.nbrc. ac.in/library/ ebooks.doc.Linking Library: Literature; Books on-line, e-texts. http://www.theorder oftime.com/ cyber/to/ l-file/ebooks. htmlPlucker Books http://www.pluckerb ooks.com/ links.htmlE-Book Directory
http://www.my- book.co.cc/ 50 FREE eBooks for Software Tutorials Available for FREE Download http://aspn. activestate. com/ASPN/ Mail/Message/ WSDL/3375638 Databases/Article Indexes for engineering http://www.library. drexel.edu/ resources/ dbsubjects/ engineering. html Free PDF e-books download free programming PDF e-books download http://pdfebooksdow nload.blogspot. com/2007/ 12/pro-php- gtk.htmlGateway for Philosophy http://library. wichita.edu/ humanities/ philosophy. htmlEconomics internet Library
http://www.business bookmall. com/Economics% 20Internet% 20Library. htm
Searching and Selecting Tips in Search Engine
Select a directory appropriate for your needs. Academic/professional and commercial directories can have very different purposes and should be approached accordingly.
Learn 'search engine math' and other advanced features of your favorite search engine. The ability to specify how you want the system to treat your search terms can make the difference between finding what you are looking for, and being overwhelmed with irrelevant hits.
Learn Boolean operator equivalents, truncation, etc. Investigate the correct syntax for your engine of choice, for example:
Phrases - enclose terms in quotation marks to search them as a phrase (works in most systems)
Excluding terms - use "-" in front of a term to exclude it in AltaVista;
Synonyms - use "OR" in Google to search synonyms or word variants;
Field searching - use field searching to restrict terms to title, URL, domain, etc. Investigate the correct syntax for your engine of choice. For example, in Google use "link:" in front of a URL to find pages that link to that page; (link:www.prairienet.org). In AltaVisa use "domain:" to restrict to a particular domain (domain:gov)
Use a Search Engine:
When you are researching a more targeted, obscure or complex topic, and for some general queries.
When your topic can be expressed in distinctive and meaningful search terms.
When you need to search the full text of individual Web pages.
When you want to gather a great deal of information on your topic.
When you want to take advantage of second-generation retrieval technologies such as concept clustering, ranking by popularity, link ranking, etc.
How do pages get into a Search Engine?
- Robot discovery (following links)- Self submission- Payments - Robots visit sites while following links- The more links the more visits- Make sure you don't exclude Robots from visiting public pages
Who operates Search Engines?
-People who can get money from venture capitalists!- Many search engines originate from U.S. universities- Often paid for by advertisements- Engines monitor carefully what else interests you (paid by the click)
Why search engines not search?
Private Databases
• Not fixed URLs
• Professional, academic
• Example at the end of presentation (MERLOT)
Ask Jeeves only lists customers that pay to have their site indexed
Meta Search Engine
Search Engines that display results from several sites at once
Eg: Dogpile--Google · Yahoo · Ask Jeeve, MetaCrawler
MetaCrawler uses innovative metasearch technology to search the Internet's top search engines, including Google, Yahoo! Search, MSN Search, Ask Jeeves, About, MIVA, LookSmart and more.
With one single click, MetaCrawler searches the best results from the combined pool of the world's leading search engines -- instead of results from only one single search engine. A recent enhancement to search engine technology is the addition of geocoding to the processing of the ingested documents.
Geocoding attempts to match any found references to locations and places to a geospatial frame of reference, such as a street address, gazetteer locations, or to an area (such as a polygonal boundary for a municipality
Web indexing (or "Internet indexing") includes back-of-book-style indexes to individual websites or an Intranet, and the creation of keyword metadata to provide a more useful vocabulary for Internet or onsite search engines
Search engine optimization (SEO) is a set of methods aimed at improving the ranking of a website in search engine listings. The term also refers to an industry of consultants that carry out optimization projects on behalf of clients' sites.
Evaluation
Research scholar facilitate the information at right time
Increased availability of computer systems may increase the use of online resources
Resource Sharing of information and services to end users
Available to latest and updated information to accompany the recent trends of computing revolution
Search Engine and IR promotes the access of updated information
and suggested search engine which are popular among end users are
Online Dictionary forLibrary and Information Science..... ......... ...http:/ /lu.com/odlis/
Online Encyclopedia. ......... ......... ......... ....www.wikipedi a.org, www.thefreedictiona ry.com, www.infoplease. com,
dictionary’s. com/,
online Encyclopedia of IT.......... ......... ....www.webopedi a.com
online Geographical Information, and MAPS........ .........
www.wikimapia.org
some Imp search engines..... ......... .......www. google.com, www.mamma.com, www.clusty.com, www.metacrawler. com, www.metaserch. com, www.answer.com, www.dogpile. com, www.answer.com, www.ask.com,
Advantages of search engines
Best suited for complex keyword/ concept searches
Control over search: search terms can be combined as required
Searches can be limited to period of time, fields, source type, etc.
Currency of information, made possible by regular addition by web spiders
Exhaustive information can be retrieved (with lots of patience!)
Disadvantages of Search Engines
Time consuming
False positives
Search engines vary in terms of search techniques/ syntax
Dead links, redundant links (same document gets displayed)
Epilogue
In this digital era with information revolution, the information seekers are expecting to access the information in right time and also WWW, URL and search Engine enhances the users to retrieve the information in right time.
P.G DAMODHARAN. B.Sc., MA. MLISc. MPhil, PGDLAN
Asst. Librarian. P.G Library
KLN College of Information Technology,
E – Mail:damo_dharan31@yahoo.com.
Abstract:
A search engine continues to retrieve information seekers everyday and its users effectively with service oriented in delivering and focusing the results with there relevant to their information needs. Moreover, traditional search engines really provide ideas for their information and selecting the page for results form the list and interact with users and search engine effectively. And Web search support system will surely fulfils the requirements from search engine and its provides, to access information at right time.
What is a search Engine
A search engine is a program designed to fetch information stored on a computer systems in World Wide Web or a personal computer. The search engine allows one to ask for query in specific criteria typically those containing a given word or phrase and it retrieve a list of references that match those criteria. Search engines use regularly updated indexes to operate quickly and efficiently. Search engine usually refers to a Web which retrieves the information within the fraction of time on Web.
History of Search Engines
The very first tool used for searching on the Internet was called "Archie", was created in 1990 by Alan Emtage to find out directory listings of all the files located on public anonymous FTP (File Transfer Protocol) sites. While Archie indexed computer files, "Gopher" indexed plain text documents. Gopher was created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota.
Two other programs, "Veronica" and "Jughead," searched the files stored in Gopher index systems. Veronica (Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-wide Index to Computerized Archives) provided a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings. Jughead (Jonzy's Universal Gopher Hierarchy Excavation And Display) was a tool for obtaining menu information from various Gopher servers.
List of Search Engines and the year it was launched
1993 Aliweb
1994 WebCrawler
1994 Infoseek
1994 Lycos
1995 AltaVista
1995 Excite
1996 Dogpile
1996 Inktomi
1996 Ask Jeeves
1997 Northern Light
1998 Google
1999 AlltheWeb
2000 Teoma
2003 Objects Search
2004 Yahoo
2005 MSN S
2005 Kosmix
2005 FinQoo Meta Search
2006 Quaero
2006 Blorby
Need for Search Engines in this digital evolution
In this digital era of evolution there are billions of pages on the Web. Pages are being posted every minute in the web. WWW is estimated to contain about 7 billion pages of publicly-accessible information and it grows at an exponential rate: tripling in size over the past two years the information available on the web is in different languages/formats/types and also in various places and systems. New data appearing every day/. Old data disappearing, to retrieve the requirement of information of an individuals search engine plays a vital role in all category’s of people in this world.
Benefits of search engines
The usefulness of a search engine depends on the relevance of the results it gives back. While there may be millions of Web pages that include a particular word or phrase, some pages may be more relevant, popular, or authoritative than others. Most search engines employ methods to rank the results to provide the "best" results first. How a search engine decides which pages are the best matches, and what order the results should be shown in, varies widely from one engine to another. The methods also change over time as Internet usage changes and new techniques evolve.
Most web search engines are commercial ventures supported by advertising revenue and, as a result, some employ the controversial practice of allowing advertisers to pay money to have their listings ranked higher in search results.
The vast majority of search engines are run by private companies using proprietary algorithms and closed databases, the most popular currently being Google, MSN Search, and Yahoo! Search. However, Open source search engine technology does exist, such as ht://Dig, Nutch, Senas, Egothor, OpenFTS, DataparkSearch and many others. Quickly learn the features of your favorites, or find out about the latest new engines and directories, use sites such as the following. Greg Notess, Danny Sullivan and Stephen Bell do the work for you with news, features charts, reviews and search strategies.
Search Engine Showdown - http://www.searchengineshowdown.com
Search Engine Watch - http://www.searchenginewatch.com
Stephen Bell's Keeping Up Web Page - http://staff.philau.edu/bells/keepup/inetsearch.htm
Internet Scout - http://scout.wisc.edu
To get daily new about search engines, subscribe to the following:
SearchEngineBlog - http://www.searchengineblog.com
GoogleBlog - http://www.blogger.com
How search engines work
The three parts of a search engine
It identifies web pages to be included in the database
It mechanism the indexes the sites
It searches mechanism which scans, for keywords within the index.
At run time:
Users search the index through queries
Documents in which the search terms occur are presented as "hits."
The documents are listed according to some relevance criteria.
Search Engines and its Operations
Its operates accordingly as follows
§ Crawling
§ Indexing
§ Searching
Web search engines work by storing information about a large number of web pages, which they retrieve from the WWW itself. These pages are retrieved by a web crawler
i) (a spider) — an automated web browser which follows every link it sees, exclusions can be made by the use of robots.txt. The contents of each page are then analyzed to determine how it should be indexed (for example, words are extracted from the titles, headings, or special fields called meta tags). Data about web pages is stored in an index database for use in later queries.
ii) Some search engines, such as Google, store all or part of the source page (referred to as a cache) as well as information about the web pages, whereas some store every word of every page it finds, such as AltaVista. This cached page always holds the actual search text since it is the one that was actually indexed, so it can be very useful when the content of the current page has been updated and the search terms are no longer in it.
ii) When a user comes to the search engine and makes a query, typically by giving key words, the engine looks up the index and provides a listing of best-matching web pages according to its criteria, usually with a short summary containing the document's title and sometimes parts of the text. Most search engines support the use of the Boolean terms AND, OR and NOT to further specify the search query. An advanced feature is proximity search, which allows you to define the distance between keywords.
Free downloaded Search Engine
Free Download eBooks Search Engine http://www.ebookee. com/ Free-eBooks. net http://www.free- ebooks.net/ http://www.ibiblio. org/collection/ collection. php?second= eFree e-books http://www.e- book.com. au/freebooks. htmFree Book Spot is a free e-books links library where you can find and download free books in almost any category. http://www.freebook spot.com/ eLibrary - Open Ebooks Directory http://e-library. net/ Free Books, MP3 Audio Books http://www.free- books.org/Dictionaries: http://www.truly- free.org/Electronic Concept http://www.science- ebooks.com/ publish/Best Places to Get Free Books - The Ultimate Guide http://www.friedbee f.com/2007/ 04/09/best- places-to- get-free- books-the- ultimate- guide/Free Online Computer Science and Programming Books, Textbooks http://www.freetechbooks.com/ ShareBooks - free downloads of quality eBooks http://www.shareboo ks.ca/Project Gutenberg http://www.gutenber g.org/browse/ scores/topFree CDs and Free Ebooks
http: //www.free- cds.org/ Free IT, Computer, Technology, Internet, Programming e-Books list http://www.ebookee. com/tech. htmlOpen Access e-Books http://www.digitall ibrary.edu. pk/OAEBooks. html Best Places to Get Free Books http://lifehacker. biz/articles/ best-places- to-get-free- books/ Internet Public Library: Online Texts http://www.ipl. org/div/subject/ browse/hum60. 60.00/ Library Corner Here are links, phone numbers, and addresses to FREE reading and audio material, online and otherwise, that is of interest to the vision impaired, their families and their care giving community. http://www.visionww .org/library. htmBartleby.com: Great Books Online -- Encyclopedia, Dictionary etc., http://www.bartleby .com/ Electronic Books http://www.stockton .lib.ca.us/ ebooks.htm Where to get books http://wheretogetbo oks.info/ ?language= enFree Ebooks » Ebook Library http://www.getfreee books.com/ ?cat=26EPUB eBooks a FREE service http://www.web- books.com/eBook Libraries http://drscavanaugh .org/ebooks/ libraries/ ebook_libraries. htmdmoz e-books http://www.dmoz. org/Computers/ E-Books/Titles/Top Public E-book Sites http://library. aus.edu/AboutUs/ ebooks.htmOnline library offers 1.5m books for free http://news. zdnet.co. uk/internet/ 0,1000000097, 39291122, 00.htm14 Free Books from Sams Free Reference Library http://ebooks. mzwriter. com/2007/ 04/25/14- free-books- from-sams- free-reference- library-2. htmlMajor Text Sites
http://www.lib. utexas.edu/ books/etext. htmlFree e-books - Physics http://www.physicsf orums.com/ archive/index. php/t-58803. htmleBooks.com - Help - Frequently asked questions
http://www.ebooks. com/help/ FAQ.aspDirectory of Publishers and Vendors http://www.acqweb. org/pubr/ online.html Complete free 6 e-Books http://www.nbrc. ac.in/library/ ebooks.doc.Linking Library: Literature; Books on-line, e-texts. http://www.theorder oftime.com/ cyber/to/ l-file/ebooks. htmlPlucker Books http://www.pluckerb ooks.com/ links.htmlE-Book Directory
http://www.my- book.co.cc/ 50 FREE eBooks for Software Tutorials Available for FREE Download http://aspn. activestate. com/ASPN/ Mail/Message/ WSDL/3375638 Databases/Article Indexes for engineering http://www.library. drexel.edu/ resources/ dbsubjects/ engineering. html Free PDF e-books download free programming PDF e-books download http://pdfebooksdow nload.blogspot. com/2007/ 12/pro-php- gtk.htmlGateway for Philosophy http://library. wichita.edu/ humanities/ philosophy. htmlEconomics internet Library
http://www.business bookmall. com/Economics% 20Internet% 20Library. htm
Searching and Selecting Tips in Search Engine
Select a directory appropriate for your needs. Academic/professional and commercial directories can have very different purposes and should be approached accordingly.
Learn 'search engine math' and other advanced features of your favorite search engine. The ability to specify how you want the system to treat your search terms can make the difference between finding what you are looking for, and being overwhelmed with irrelevant hits.
Learn Boolean operator equivalents, truncation, etc. Investigate the correct syntax for your engine of choice, for example:
Phrases - enclose terms in quotation marks to search them as a phrase (works in most systems)
Excluding terms - use "-" in front of a term to exclude it in AltaVista;
Synonyms - use "OR" in Google to search synonyms or word variants;
Field searching - use field searching to restrict terms to title, URL, domain, etc. Investigate the correct syntax for your engine of choice. For example, in Google use "link:" in front of a URL to find pages that link to that page; (link:www.prairienet.org). In AltaVisa use "domain:" to restrict to a particular domain (domain:gov)
Use a Search Engine:
When you are researching a more targeted, obscure or complex topic, and for some general queries.
When your topic can be expressed in distinctive and meaningful search terms.
When you need to search the full text of individual Web pages.
When you want to gather a great deal of information on your topic.
When you want to take advantage of second-generation retrieval technologies such as concept clustering, ranking by popularity, link ranking, etc.
How do pages get into a Search Engine?
- Robot discovery (following links)- Self submission- Payments - Robots visit sites while following links- The more links the more visits- Make sure you don't exclude Robots from visiting public pages
Who operates Search Engines?
-People who can get money from venture capitalists!- Many search engines originate from U.S. universities- Often paid for by advertisements- Engines monitor carefully what else interests you (paid by the click)
Why search engines not search?
Private Databases
• Not fixed URLs
• Professional, academic
• Example at the end of presentation (MERLOT)
Ask Jeeves only lists customers that pay to have their site indexed
Meta Search Engine
Search Engines that display results from several sites at once
Eg: Dogpile--Google · Yahoo · Ask Jeeve, MetaCrawler
MetaCrawler uses innovative metasearch technology to search the Internet's top search engines, including Google, Yahoo! Search, MSN Search, Ask Jeeves, About, MIVA, LookSmart and more.
With one single click, MetaCrawler searches the best results from the combined pool of the world's leading search engines -- instead of results from only one single search engine. A recent enhancement to search engine technology is the addition of geocoding to the processing of the ingested documents.
Geocoding attempts to match any found references to locations and places to a geospatial frame of reference, such as a street address, gazetteer locations, or to an area (such as a polygonal boundary for a municipality
Web indexing (or "Internet indexing") includes back-of-book-style indexes to individual websites or an Intranet, and the creation of keyword metadata to provide a more useful vocabulary for Internet or onsite search engines
Search engine optimization (SEO) is a set of methods aimed at improving the ranking of a website in search engine listings. The term also refers to an industry of consultants that carry out optimization projects on behalf of clients' sites.
Evaluation
Research scholar facilitate the information at right time
Increased availability of computer systems may increase the use of online resources
Resource Sharing of information and services to end users
Available to latest and updated information to accompany the recent trends of computing revolution
Search Engine and IR promotes the access of updated information
and suggested search engine which are popular among end users are
Online Dictionary forLibrary and Information Science..... ......... ...http:/ /lu.com/odlis/
Online Encyclopedia. ......... ......... ......... ....www.wikipedi a.org, www.thefreedictiona ry.com, www.infoplease. com,
dictionary’s. com/,
online Encyclopedia of IT.......... ......... ....www.webopedi a.com
online Geographical Information, and MAPS........ .........
www.wikimapia.org
some Imp search engines..... ......... .......www. google.com, www.mamma.com, www.clusty.com, www.metacrawler. com, www.metaserch. com, www.answer.com, www.dogpile. com, www.answer.com, www.ask.com,
Advantages of search engines
Best suited for complex keyword/ concept searches
Control over search: search terms can be combined as required
Searches can be limited to period of time, fields, source type, etc.
Currency of information, made possible by regular addition by web spiders
Exhaustive information can be retrieved (with lots of patience!)
Disadvantages of Search Engines
Time consuming
False positives
Search engines vary in terms of search techniques/ syntax
Dead links, redundant links (same document gets displayed)
Epilogue
In this digital era with information revolution, the information seekers are expecting to access the information in right time and also WWW, URL and search Engine enhances the users to retrieve the information in right time.
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