Paradigm on Information Professitionals in Digital Library Era

Thursday, March 12, 2009

Paradigm on Information Professitional in Digital Library Era

Paradigm on Information Professitionals in Digital Era
P.G DAMODHARAN
Assistant Librarian,P.G Library
K.L.N COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY,Madurai
E-mail:damo_dharan31@yahoo.com,Mobile No:-09361114391
Abstract
Information and Communication Technology has revolutionized the concept of libraries. Each and every library is slowly getting digitized. A 'digital library' comprises digital collections, services and infrastructure to support lifelong learning, research, scholarly communication as well as preservation and conservation of our recorded knowledge. It is also a process of democratization of information. This article discusses the factors that will necessitate the traditional libraries to get digitized, some open source software to setup digital library are identified, the influence of digital library in this scenario, the merits and demerits of digital libraries and infrastructure for building a digital library etc. are focused.
Introduction
The term Digital Library has a variety of potential meanings, ranging from a digitized collection of material that one might find in a traditional library through to the collection of all digital information along with the services that make that information useful to all possible users. As there are many definitions of a “digital library,” terms such as “electronic library” and “virtual library” are often used synonymously. A digital library is nothing but a large database for the people who are working on hypertext environment. It is an environment, which supports the full life cycle of creation, storage, preservation, dissemination and use of data, information and knowledge.
A digital library is an organized collection of digitized material or it’s holding in the digital form, which can be accessible by a computer on the network by using TCP/IP or other protocol.
The mentioned three processes in Digital Library are
i) Knowledge resources (books, journals, i.e. resources, Internet)
ii) Teleological facilities and resources (computer, online catalogues, websites, LANs file servers etc.)
iii) Financial resources (Budget) Human resources (Skills for manpower training)
Digital Library
Digital Library is a "Collection of digital objects (text, video, audio) with methods for access and retrieval, as far as users are concerned with selection, organization, and maintenance (in the point of view of librarian). The digital library is not merely equivalent to a digitized collection with information management tools. It is also a series of activities that brings together collections, services and people in support of the full life cycle of creation, dissemination, use and presentation of data, information and knowledge.
Traditional Library to Digital Library
Traditional libraries are limited by storage space; digital libraries have the potential to store much more information, simply because digital information requires very little physical space to contain it. As such, the cost of maintaining a digital library is much lower than that of a traditional library as traditional library must spend large sums of money paying for staff, book maintenance, rent, and additional books.
Digital libraries do away with these fees. Both types of library require cataloguing input to allow users to locate and retrieve material. Digital libraries may be more willing to adopt innovations in technology providing users with improvements in electronic and audio book technology as well as presenting new forms of communication such as wikis and blogs; conventional libraries may consider that providing online access to their OPAC catalogue is sufficient.
An important advantage to digital conversion is increased accessibility to users. There is also availability to individuals who may not be traditional patrons of a library, due to geographic location or organizational affiliation. Digital libraries as a means of easily and rapidly accessing books, archives and images of various types are now widely recognized by commercial interests and public bodies alike.
• No Physical Boundary. The user of a digital library need not go to the library physically; people from all over the world can gain access to the same information, as long as an Internet connection is available.
• Round the Clock Availability. A major advantage of digital libraries is that people can gain access to the information at any time, night or day.
• Multiple Accesses. The same resources can be used simultaneously by a number of institutions and patrons
• Information Retrieval. The user is able to use any search term (word, phrase, title, name, and subject) to search the entire collection. Digital libraries can provide very user-friendly interfaces, giving clickable access to its resources.
• Preservation and Conservation. Digitization is not a long-term preservation solution for physical collections, but does succeed in providing access copies for materials that would otherwise fall to degradation from repeated use. Digitized collections and born-digital objects pose many preservation and conservation concerns that analog materials do not.
• Space. Whereas traditional libraries are limited by storage space, digital libraries have the potential to store much more information; simply because digital information requires very little physical space to contain them and media storage technologies are more affordable than ever before.
• Added value. Certain characteristics of objects, primarily the quality of images, may be improved. Digitization can enhance legibility and remove visible flaws such as stains and discoloration.
Digital Environment
Networked environment of an organization is required for modern technological development to share knowledge within the members and with the international community on a specialized field. High speed Internet connectivity will enhance the information access mechanism to the library users for the content to which the library/organization is the authenticated user.
The resources of a digital library are those, which the computer can store, organize, transmit and display without any intervening conversion process. It includes both print and electronic or digital material. The digital material may be of multimedia types or any other i.e. only digital audio, video, full text information, photograph, drawing, digitized sound, e-book, v-book, electronic tax, map, image, 3D representation etc. The collection may also include structured /unstructured text, scanned images, graphic audios, video recording etc
On line resources:
1. Local database of traditional books in machine-readable form.
2. E-book, v-book, electronic tax, map, image, sound, video, and multimedia etc.
3. E-journal LAN, MAN, WAN for web browsing, e- mail etc.
4. Well trained manpower for online help
Off line resources:
1. C.D-ROM, Jukebox etc. 2. Audio visual aid etc.
Paradigm on Information Professionals in Digital Library
The ready availability of information on the Internet, and its widespread use, really presents Librarians with an opportunity, not a threat. Technology Savvy users realize that they need help, which Librarians can provide. Librarians now face difficulties and complicity challenges due to new trends in information access.
In the present technological/Internet era the professionals have to change themselves as the information profession is being changed. Now information specialists have to work as e-information resources in which various professional groups are expected to map strategies that lead to produce, manage, maintain and service the information. Information professional has to work as:
Librarian- In addition to being library manager, they also act as collection development, technical processors and so on, taking care of information quality.
Information Manager- To meet the information needs of the user they should know how to manage and deliver appropriate information services.
Information adviser/instructor- Ensure that user/staff know how to access relevant sources of information (literacy).
System and Networking- For delivery of information to their users in an appropriate manner develop and design appropriate systems.
Role of Librarian in Digital Era
The role of library and information professional has always been to provide access to information to those who need it. The activities realizing this goal have evolved and transformed over the years. This includes - Available technology, and need of an evolving information society. Information activities have been guided by the developments in the field of storages, presentation and archiving of knowledge, collection development and organization of knowledge, information explosion and computers in information retrieval. Librarians are information professional involved in information gathering, storage, retrieval and dissemination and on the other hand the computer specialist supports the library and informational professionals in this endeavor. For successful implementation of Digital Library, it is essential that LIS professionals are well trained and possess requisite knowledge and skills in this respect.
ICT in Digital Era
 Acceptance of Technological change.
 Knowledge of user interaction with knowledge resources.
 Provide quality service.
 Be adoptive, flexible and resistant.
 Be resourceful
 Poses excellent communication skills, constantly update personal knowledge base by keeping in touch with the latest development
 Create awareness among the users, make them accept the changes
 Be an information management strategist, etc.
Infra Structure required for digital libraries
The resources provided by the digital libraries can be classified in two types they are
i) In-house Resources
ii) External Resources
a) In-house Resources
Resources that are stored in the web server locally and made accessible through the network. E-books, course notes, and application notes etc. are examples of the in-house resources.
b) External Resources
Resource materials that are not stored in the web server, which include online journals, online databases, online e-books etc. External resources are provided by different publishers - ASME, ACM, IEEE, Oxford University Press Journal (OUP) and many more are there.
The publisher provides access to their full text materials by two methods:
(i) Username and password
(ii) Internet Protocol (IP) address based Access Control Method
Influence of Digital Library
The limited buying power of libraries, complex nature of recent document, storage problem etc is some of the common factors which influence to the change to digital mode, some other factors are-
a) Information explosion
b) Searching problem in traditional libraries
c) Low cost of technology: When we consider the storage capacity of digital document and its maintenance then it can be easily realized that the cost of technologies is much more less than that of traditional libraries.
d) Environmental factor: The use of digital libraries is the cleanest technology to fulfill the slogan “Burn a CD-ROM save a tree”
e) New generation needs
Open Source Software Application
Open source software are available to set up the digital library, through internet all the information resources can be shared among users members and some available software are listed below
• Greenstone Digital Library software
Greenstone is a suite of software for building and distributing digital library collections. It provides a new way of organizing information and publishing it on the Internet or on CD-ROM. Greenstone is produced by the New Zealand Digital Library project at the University of Waikato, and distributed in cooperation with UNESCO and the Humanity Libraries Project. It is open-source software, available under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
 Avanti Circulation System
The Avanti circulation system is a simple, scalable, network able, client/server circulation system that can be deployed in small to medium scale libraries. The end product will be modular: consisting of a system core, circulation module, minimal OPAC, and network and user interfaces. The entire system is written in Java. Avanti 0.3.1 was developed using the Black down JDK v1.1.7 on a Linux system with the servlet classes being developed using the Apache Jserv served engine.

 CERN Document Server Software (CDSware)
The CERN Document Server Software (CDSware) is the software developed by, maintained by, and used at, the CERN Document Server. It allows you to run your own electronic preprint server, your own online library catalogue or a document system on the web. It complies with the Open Archives Initiative metadata harvesting protocol (OAI-PMH) and uses MARC 21 as its underlying bibliographic standard. The CDSware is free software, licensed under GNU General Public License (GPL).
 DSpace Durable Digital Depository
DSpace is a digital repository created to capture, distribute and preserve the intellectual output of MIT. As a joint project of MIT Libraries and the Hewlett-Packard Company, DSpace provides stable long-term storage needed to house the digital products of MIT faculty and researchers.
For the user: DSpace enables easy remote access and the ability to read and search DSpace items from one location: the World Wide Web.
For the contributor: DSpace offers the advantages of digital distribution and long-term preservation for a variety of formats including text, audio, video, images, datasets and more. Authors can store their digital works in collections that are maintained by MIT communities.
For the institution: DSpace offers the opportunity to provide access to all the research of the institution through one interface. The repository is organized to accommodate the varying policies and workflow issues inherent in a multi-disciplinary environment. Submission workflow and access policies can be customized to adhere closely to each community's needs.

 Koha Open Source Library System
Made in New Zealand by the Horowhenua Library Trust and Katipo Communications Ltd the Koha system is a full catalogue, opac, circulation and acquisitions system.
 OCLC Site Search Open Source Project
The OCLC Site Search Software provides a comprehensive solution for managing distributed library information resources in a World Wide Web environment. It offers tools that integrate electronic resources under one web interface, provide flexible access to resources, and build text and image databases locally.
Merit
Digital library has certain characteristics, which make them different from traditional library. It has expansive and accurate system of searching with large volumes of text, image and audio-video resources. Digital libraries do not need physical space to build collection and it can be accessed from anywhere, any time. Different people can access same source at the same time. The advantages of digital libraries are mentioned herein below:

 Preserve the valuable documents, rare and special collections of libraries, archives and museums.
 Provide faster access to the holding of libraries world wide through automated catalogues.
 Help to locate both physical and digitized versions of scholarly articles and books through single interface.
 Search optimization, simultaneous searches of the Internet make possible, preparing commercial databases and library collections.
 Offering online learning environment.
 Making short the chain from author to user.
 Save preparation/ conservation cost, space and money.
 Digital technology affords multiple, simultaneous user from a single original which are not possible for materials stored in any other forms
Demerits
New technology has brought many advantages but simultaneously it also has certain disadvantages

 Costly affair
 Technology obsolescence (Hardware & Software)
 Storage media relate
 Dominance of data creators and publishers
 Trained manpower
 User education and training
 Security against hacking & sabotage
Conclusion:
Digital libraries are not going to replace the physical existence of document completely. But to meet the present demand and to satisfy the non local user digitization digital librarian must be introduced so that at least libraries becomes of hybrid nature. The initial cost of digitization is high but experiment shows that once digitization is introduced then the cost to manage this collection will be cheaper than that of any traditional library. Day by day the cost of digitization is decreasing, the online publication is increasing, the need of user are shifting towards a different environment so it is need less to say that after one or two years my library or your library will go to be digitized so it’s the pick time to all informational and library professional that they geared themselves to take the challenge. _____________________________________________________________________________

Friday, February 20, 2009

Open Access English Language Journals

“Link Library of Open Access English Language Journals”: http://lislinks.blogspot.com/ . This is perhaps
the world’s third largest collection of open access journals after DOAJ and Open J-Gate that provides searching facilities at article level.

But the present site has added advantage of retrieving the relevant results than that of other two (statistically it still need to be proved).
I just like to request the LIS Professional to have a try over the site.
Just go to the site, select from the subject that are listed in the left hand side bar and perform a search on the new page. It will cost nothing than 1 minute from your very busy schedule. But I hope you will get much and the days ahead will be a site to refer to your library users. Waiting for your valuable comments and suggestions.

Visit LIS Links at: http://lislinks.ning.com

Thursday, February 19, 2009

Digital Library

The below links are very helpful for easy access of all useful things

Digital Library
Subcribed Digital Library
http://paniit.iitd.ac.in/indest/

Free Books
Free e books
http://freecomputerbooks.com

acm digital library
subcribed digital library
http://portal.acm.org/portal.cfm

ebooks
free online e-books
http://onlinesapiens.com/books.html

english lanuage
full access journals
http://lislinks. blogspot. com/

free access journals
full text Journals
http://pearljournals-damodharan.blogspot.com

klncitpglib
pglibrary
http://damodhran.blogspot.com

online access
articles
http://www.accessmylibrary.com

LIS Links: Connecting Library and Information Science

Job Offer and data archiving and open educational resources

Best Practices for Data Archiving

http://whitepapers. techrepublic. com.com/abstract .aspx?&docid= 922157&promo= 099&tag=nl. e099.em021809& tag=nl.e099

Open Educational Resources

The IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies seeks
> original
> manuscripts for a Special Issue on Open Educational
> Resources
> scheduled to appear in the Summer of 2009.
> The aim of this special issue is to further our
> understanding on how
> the promise of ubiquitous reusable content for learning can
> be
> realized with technology that enables open educational
> resources to be
> made available, adapted and reused at global scale.
> Further information available at :
> http://erikduval. wordpress. com/2009/ 01/07/open- educational- resources- learning- objects-for- all/

Job site and details

Walkin Interview @ Cognizant Technology Solutions in Coimbatore on 2

Posted by: "bsc.madhavi" bsc.madhavi@yahoo.in bsc.madhavi

Wed Feb 18, 2009 10:19 pm (PST)

Reply to sender | Reply to group | Reply via web post
Messages in this topic (1)

Walk-In @ Rolta Mumbai Soft Engineer Jobs - 21 February 2009

Posted by: "bsc.madhavi" bsc.madhavi@yahoo.in bsc.madhavi

Thu Feb 19, 2009 4:30 am (PST)

Web site connects all Library and Information science Professitional

The site LIS Links: Connecting Library and Information Science
Professional in India: http://lislinks.ning.com/ provides easy
professional from all over India. The LIS professional can also be
search by their Complete Name, Designation, Name and environment to contact the Library and Information Science Address of the
Institutional Affiliation, BLISc Course Completion Year; Name of
University., MLISc Course Completion Year; Name of University.,
NET/SET/SLET Completion Month, Year., M Phil Completion Year; Name of
University., Title of BLISc Dissertation, Title of MLISc Dissertation,
Title of M.Phil Dissertation, Title of PhD Theses
Phone No / Mobile No (With STD Code), Email Address and so on.

Till 19th February, 2009 four hundred eighty (480) professional
register with the site. Those who are still not register with the site
are requested to do it as soon as possible as it is now the India's
largest database of LIS Professional, so why you should be left out
from it.

Open Database House link details to Online Journals for LIS Professitionals
--
Link Library of Open Access English Language Journals:
http://lislinks.blogspot.com/
LIS Links: A Link Library in LIS: http://lislinks.110mb.com/
Online Encyclopaedia of Library and Information Science:
http://sites.google.com/site/lisencyclo/
Jobs in LIS in India: http://lisjob.blogspot.com/
Upcoming Seminars, Conferences, Workshops and Refresher Courses in LIS
in India: http://lisseminar.blogspot.com/
Latest Happenings and Contemporary Issues in LIS:
http://lislatest.blogspot.com/
Awards, Prizes, Scholarships or Fellowships in LIS:
http://lisscholarship.blogspot.com/
Admission Notice for Courses in LIS in India: http://liscourse.blogspot.com/
Indian Library and Information Science Book Review: http://lisbr.blogspot.com/
Reports of Seminars, Conferences and Workshops in LIS in India:
http://lisreport.blogspot.com/
LIS Links: Connecting LIS Professional in India: http://lislinks.ning.com/

PRESS RELEASE - 2nd WORLD CONGRESS INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE: TECHNOLOGY ISSUES
www.documentalistas .com/events/ 2wc09

From 13 to 15 May 2009, the Documentation Sciences Foundation of Spain, under the auspices of the Government of the Dominican Republic and President of Honor of Mr. Leonel Fernández (Dominican Republic President), is organizing in Santo Domingo City the "2nd World Congress Information and Knowledge: Technology Issues", bringing together world experts in the Information Society.
---

Knowledge Technologies are serving, without doubt, the establishment of a global society where the traditional boundaries of time and space have been broken to make way for a world within reach of anyone who has the knowledge, resources and skills needed for information management (Literacy).

The Documentation Sciences Foundation, a Nonprofit International Organization located in Spain, which aim is to work with the information content into the documents independent of the format in which they are to create changes in the Society, is organizing the 2nd Congress with the support of collaborators worldwide, and sponsord by the the Dominican Republic Government and National Library of Spain, because it saw the need for an international forum where information professionals will meet to speak about the role of technology in their work and how this help to build a more just and egalitarian society.

So, the 2nd World Congress is meeting in the city of Santo Domingo on May 2009, a wide range of academics, analysts, entrepreneurs, professionals and politicians from different disciplines and nationalities (in total are expected more than 25 countries) to discuss the latest tools hardware, software and process solutions located within the Information Society, both in public and private sectors. This event is SPONSORED by the Dominican Republic Government.

Assistants to the World Congress are multilingual and accustomed to various cultures. Also, they have gained experience and reputation in many national and international meetings working for the Information Society.

ABSTRACT

You have until February 28 to submit an abstract to participate as speaker at the 2nd World Congress, in TXT format and english. If your abstract is approved, you will have free registration for the event.

More information sending a white message to: docuforum-subscribe @documentalistas .com

Documentation Sciences Foundation - Spain
www.documentalistas .com

Friday, February 13, 2009

My Articles published in PEARL Journals

Search Engines: A Perspective in Information Retrieval
P.G DAMODHARAN. B.Sc., MA. MLISc. MPhil, PGDLAN
Asst. Librarian. P.G Library
KLN College of Information Technology,
E – Mail:damo_dharan31@yahoo.com.

Abstract:
A search engine continues to retrieve information seekers everyday and its users effectively with service oriented in delivering and focusing the results with there relevant to their information needs. Moreover, traditional search engines really provide ideas for their information and selecting the page for results form the list and interact with users and search engine effectively. And Web search support system will surely fulfils the requirements from search engine and its provides, to access information at right time.
What is a search Engine
A search engine is a program designed to fetch information stored on a computer systems in World Wide Web or a personal computer. The search engine allows one to ask for query in specific criteria typically those containing a given word or phrase and it retrieve a list of references that match those criteria. Search engines use regularly updated indexes to operate quickly and efficiently. Search engine usually refers to a Web which retrieves the information within the fraction of time on Web.
History of Search Engines
The very first tool used for searching on the Internet was called "Archie", was created in 1990 by Alan Emtage to find out directory listings of all the files located on public anonymous FTP (File Transfer Protocol) sites. While Archie indexed computer files, "Gopher" indexed plain text documents. Gopher was created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota.
Two other programs, "Veronica" and "Jughead," searched the files stored in Gopher index systems. Veronica (Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-wide Index to Computerized Archives) provided a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings. Jughead (Jonzy's Universal Gopher Hierarchy Excavation And Display) was a tool for obtaining menu information from various Gopher servers.
List of Search Engines and the year it was launched
1993 Aliweb
1994 WebCrawler
1994 Infoseek
1994 Lycos
1995 AltaVista
1995 Excite
1996 Dogpile
1996 Inktomi
1996 Ask Jeeves
1997 Northern Light
1998 Google
1999 AlltheWeb
2000 Teoma
2003 Objects Search
2004 Yahoo
2005 MSN S
2005 Kosmix
2005 FinQoo Meta Search
2006 Quaero
2006 Blorby
Need for Search Engines in this digital evolution
In this digital era of evolution there are billions of pages on the Web. Pages are being posted every minute in the web. WWW is estimated to contain about 7 billion pages of publicly-accessible information and it grows at an exponential rate: tripling in size over the past two years the information available on the web is in different languages/formats/types and also in various places and systems. New data appearing every day/. Old data disappearing, to retrieve the requirement of information of an individuals search engine plays a vital role in all category’s of people in this world.
Benefits of search engines
The usefulness of a search engine depends on the relevance of the results it gives back. While there may be millions of Web pages that include a particular word or phrase, some pages may be more relevant, popular, or authoritative than others. Most search engines employ methods to rank the results to provide the "best" results first. How a search engine decides which pages are the best matches, and what order the results should be shown in, varies widely from one engine to another. The methods also change over time as Internet usage changes and new techniques evolve.
Most web search engines are commercial ventures supported by advertising revenue and, as a result, some employ the controversial practice of allowing advertisers to pay money to have their listings ranked higher in search results.
The vast majority of search engines are run by private companies using proprietary algorithms and closed databases, the most popular currently being Google, MSN Search, and Yahoo! Search. However, Open source search engine technology does exist, such as ht://Dig, Nutch, Senas, Egothor, OpenFTS, DataparkSearch and many others. Quickly learn the features of your favorites, or find out about the latest new engines and directories, use sites such as the following. Greg Notess, Danny Sullivan and Stephen Bell do the work for you with news, features charts, reviews and search strategies.
Search Engine Showdown - http://www.searchengineshowdown.com
Search Engine Watch - http://www.searchenginewatch.com
Stephen Bell's Keeping Up Web Page - http://staff.philau.edu/bells/keepup/inetsearch.htm
Internet Scout - http://scout.wisc.edu
To get daily new about search engines, subscribe to the following:
SearchEngineBlog - http://www.searchengineblog.com
GoogleBlog - http://www.blogger.com
How search engines work
The three parts of a search engine
It identifies web pages to be included in the database
It mechanism the indexes the sites
It searches mechanism which scans, for keywords within the index.
At run time:
Users search the index through queries
Documents in which the search terms occur are presented as "hits."
The documents are listed according to some relevance criteria.
Search Engines and its Operations
Its operates accordingly as follows
§ Crawling
§ Indexing
§ Searching
Web search engines work by storing information about a large number of web pages, which they retrieve from the WWW itself. These pages are retrieved by a web crawler
i) (a spider) — an automated web browser which follows every link it sees, exclusions can be made by the use of robots.txt. The contents of each page are then analyzed to determine how it should be indexed (for example, words are extracted from the titles, headings, or special fields called meta tags). Data about web pages is stored in an index database for use in later queries.
ii) Some search engines, such as Google, store all or part of the source page (referred to as a cache) as well as information about the web pages, whereas some store every word of every page it finds, such as AltaVista. This cached page always holds the actual search text since it is the one that was actually indexed, so it can be very useful when the content of the current page has been updated and the search terms are no longer in it.
ii) When a user comes to the search engine and makes a query, typically by giving key words, the engine looks up the index and provides a listing of best-matching web pages according to its criteria, usually with a short summary containing the document's title and sometimes parts of the text. Most search engines support the use of the Boolean terms AND, OR and NOT to further specify the search query. An advanced feature is proximity search, which allows you to define the distance between keywords.
Free downloaded Search Engine
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http://www.ebooks. com/help/ FAQ.aspDirectory of Publishers and Vendors http://www.acqweb. org/pubr/ online.html Complete free 6 e-Books http://www.nbrc. ac.in/library/ ebooks.doc.Linking Library: Literature; Books on-line, e-texts. http://www.theorder oftime.com/ cyber/to/ l-file/ebooks. htmlPlucker Books http://www.pluckerb ooks.com/ links.htmlE-Book Directory
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Searching and Selecting Tips in Search Engine
Select a directory appropriate for your needs. Academic/professional and commercial directories can have very different purposes and should be approached accordingly.
Learn 'search engine math' and other advanced features of your favorite search engine. The ability to specify how you want the system to treat your search terms can make the difference between finding what you are looking for, and being overwhelmed with irrelevant hits.
Learn Boolean operator equivalents, truncation, etc. Investigate the correct syntax for your engine of choice, for example:
Phrases - enclose terms in quotation marks to search them as a phrase (works in most systems)
Excluding terms - use "-" in front of a term to exclude it in AltaVista;
Synonyms - use "OR" in Google to search synonyms or word variants;
Field searching - use field searching to restrict terms to title, URL, domain, etc. Investigate the correct syntax for your engine of choice. For example, in Google use "link:" in front of a URL to find pages that link to that page; (link:www.prairienet.org). In AltaVisa use "domain:" to restrict to a particular domain (domain:gov)
Use a Search Engine:
When you are researching a more targeted, obscure or complex topic, and for some general queries.
When your topic can be expressed in distinctive and meaningful search terms.
When you need to search the full text of individual Web pages.
When you want to gather a great deal of information on your topic.
When you want to take advantage of second-generation retrieval technologies such as concept clustering, ranking by popularity, link ranking, etc.
How do pages get into a Search Engine?
- Robot discovery (following links)- Self submission- Payments - Robots visit sites while following links- The more links the more visits- Make sure you don't exclude Robots from visiting public pages

Who operates Search Engines?
-People who can get money from venture capitalists!- Many search engines originate from U.S. universities- Often paid for by advertisements- Engines monitor carefully what else interests you (paid by the click)
Why search engines not search?
Private Databases
• Not fixed URLs
• Professional, academic
• Example at the end of presentation (MERLOT)
Ask Jeeves only lists customers that pay to have their site indexed
Meta Search Engine
Search Engines that display results from several sites at once
Eg: Dogpile--Google · Yahoo · Ask Jeeve, MetaCrawler
MetaCrawler uses innovative metasearch technology to search the Internet's top search engines, including Google, Yahoo! Search, MSN Search, Ask Jeeves, About, MIVA, LookSmart and more.
With one single click, MetaCrawler searches the best results from the combined pool of the world's leading search engines -- instead of results from only one single search engine. A recent enhancement to search engine technology is the addition of geocoding to the processing of the ingested documents.
Geocoding attempts to match any found references to locations and places to a geospatial frame of reference, such as a street address, gazetteer locations, or to an area (such as a polygonal boundary for a municipality
Web indexing (or "Internet indexing") includes back-of-book-style indexes to individual websites or an Intranet, and the creation of keyword metadata to provide a more useful vocabulary for Internet or onsite search engines
Search engine optimization (SEO) is a set of methods aimed at improving the ranking of a website in search engine listings. The term also refers to an industry of consultants that carry out optimization projects on behalf of clients' sites.
Evaluation
Research scholar facilitate the information at right time
Increased availability of computer systems may increase the use of online resources
Resource Sharing of information and services to end users
Available to latest and updated information to accompany the recent trends of computing revolution
Search Engine and IR promotes the access of updated information
and suggested search engine which are popular among end users are
Online Dictionary forLibrary and Information Science..... ......... ...http:/ /lu.com/odlis/
Online Encyclopedia. ......... ......... ......... ....www.wikipedi a.org, www.thefreedictiona ry.com, www.infoplease. com,
dictionary’s. com/,
online Encyclopedia of IT.......... ......... ....www.webopedi a.com
online Geographical Information, and MAPS........ .........
www.wikimapia.org
some Imp search engines..... ......... .......www. google.com, www.mamma.com, www.clusty.com, www.metacrawler. com, www.metaserch. com, www.answer.com, www.dogpile. com, www.answer.com, www.ask.com,
Advantages of search engines
Best suited for complex keyword/ concept searches
Control over search: search terms can be combined as required
Searches can be limited to period of time, fields, source type, etc.
Currency of information, made possible by regular addition by web spiders
Exhaustive information can be retrieved (with lots of patience!)
Disadvantages of Search Engines
Time consuming
False positives
Search engines vary in terms of search techniques/ syntax
Dead links, redundant links (same document gets displayed)
Epilogue
In this digital era with information revolution, the information seekers are expecting to access the information in right time and also WWW, URL and search Engine enhances the users to retrieve the information in right time.

On line Information Resources: A boon in Effective Library Services

This is the second presentation in national Seminar

On line Information Resources: A boon in Effective Library Services
P.G DAMODHARAN. MA, MLISc, MPhil, PGDLAN
Asst. Librarian. P.G Library
KLN College of Information Technology,
E – Mail:damo_dharan31@yahoo.com.

Abstract
This paper describes with the information recognized as a Library to be fountainhead of knowledge connected with the utilization and satisfaction of users to information resources available in online and how it can be made more effective in Library form of Management. Libraries and information systems are describes to service the users to build with primary objective to meets the information needs of peoples how effectively we can help the users in getting the desired information from World Wide Web, WWW. An information system which handles the information resources such as electronic and digital and provides easy and instant access remote locations, are normally called as on-line information resources, have it pleasure in servicing the information needs with global competitions in this digital era.
Introduction
In this 21st century online resources plays a vital role in communication particularly the explosion of information, library urges to adopt new trends and technologies for collection and development of information. Library Consortium is an association which facilitates the users groups to achieve the library services effectively. Library consortia can work well among libraries without requiring additional fees to access the e-journal. The new revolution in information technology benefits the customers in library and information center.
Objectives
World over the use of recent trends of information in audio-visual multimedia and the roles of library and information centers needs to be renewed. Mere availability of library networks, Internet access, E-mail, online, CDROM facilities will not caters all requirements, only the optimum use of these facilities with quality service will ensure complete satisfactions to the user and decision must be made in right time to coop up the user’s to access information or knowledge. And the facilities available coupled with capability to adopt modern techniques available in online resources such as E-Resources and Consortium in effective library services and its caters the user’s expectation. And for Librarians, continuous improvement by way of training, education, communication, recognition of achievements and team work will improve the service quality effectively. Librarians should enhance their ability to convert data into information and information to knowledge and computerization plays a key role in information management there is scope for diversifying into hi-tech areas like systems analysis, research assistance, data base management, digital printing, publishing, documentation, corporate and even freelance consultancy or information marketing. It is a true to say that the librarians are presently undergoing a kind of revolution in information technology with far reaching impact. Information has lost its essentiality frozen natures and users must enjoy the fruitfulness of information revolution.
World Wide Web, WWW
The emergence of Internet particularly the World Wide Web (WWW) as a new media of information resources and information resource sharing with services triggered its proliferation of Web-based technology of communication in full-text online resources. Increasing number of publishers is using the Internet as a global way to offer their publications to international community of scientists and technologists.
The availability of IT-based electronic information products are increasing pressure on libraries which in turn are committing larger portions of their budgetary allocation to procure online databases, Web-based online full-text search services, and CD ROM products.
On line Resources
A resource that is available over Internet is known as Online Resources and the Information that is essential phenomenon for all-round development of our society. It provides tremendous opportunities to accelerate the pace of development both national and international levels and is one of the fundamental resources indispensable for the development of all vital spheres of the life the information scientist as a professionals to promote the existing information sources for the developmental activities by over coming all barriers that stand in the way to provide the right information to right user at the right time.

E-Resource Meaning
It is a collection of data in electronic product with collects the full text data in online resource such as E-books and E Journals otherwise it defined as any resources that is available over Internet are known as E-Resources (Online Resources)
Types of On Line Resources
à E –Books
à E-Journals
à Library Consortium
E-Books
It is the new technical outcome in the developmental communication technology and it emphasis to publish the books in digital form and this process of digitations is known as E-Books
E-Journals
E- Journals are another branch of science and technologies have published in large. There are many journals available for subscription and some are available for free of cost. Almost all popular publishers have published their journals in digital versions and some have their publications only in online resource and this process is called as E-Journals.
Definition of Consortia
Is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations or governments and common activity of resources sharing to achieve a common goal and it described as a group
of organizations who join together to achieve the objective and caters the requirement to cooperate the resource service to achieve the goals in order to ensure their success
Need for Library Consortium
à Information Explosion
à User’s needs and Expectation
à Financial Flexibility
Factors to consider before Consortia formation
The effective functions of Library Consortium and resources identification on the basis of usage and long run planning of the technology infra structure, access to back issues of periodicals, copyright and licensing, archival issue, and price issue should be economically favorable. Designing and erecting a library consortium should be long-term sustenance and to insists the models towards achieving the institutional goals. A library Consortium formation can be local regional state national and inter institutional level
Consortium Initiatives in India
INDEST – AICTE
http://paniit.iitd.ac.in/indest/

UGC INFONET
http://web.inflibnet.ac.in/info/ugcinfonet/ugcinfonet.jsp

FORSA (Astronomy and Astrophysics Libraries)
http://www.iiap.res.in/library/forsa.html
CSIR Library Consortium
http://www.niscair.res.in
HELINET(Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka)
http://www.rguhs.ac.in/hn/newhell.htm
ISRO, IIM…

The INDEST-AICTE consortium subscribes to the following resources for various categories of institutions. All electronic resources subscribed are available from the publisher's Web site.
F u l l - T e x t E - R e s o u r c e s
ABI / Inform Complete
http://www.il.proquest.com/pqdauto
ACM Digital Library
http://portal.acm.org/portal.cfm
ASCE Journals
http://scitation.aip.org/publications/myBrowsePub.jsp
ASME Journals ( + A M R )
http://scitation.aip.org/publications/myBrowsePub.jsp
ASTM Standards and Journals
http://enterprise.astm.org Journals: http://journalsip.astm.org/
Capitaline
http://www.capitaline.com/intranet/INDEST_consortium.htm
CRIS INFAC Ind. Information
http://www.crisil.com/
Digital Engineering Library (DEL)
http://www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com/
EBSCO Databases
http://search.epnet.com/
Elsevier's Science Direct
http://www.sciencedirect.com/
Emerald Full-text
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/
Emerald Management Xtra
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/
Engineering Science Data Unit (ESDU)
http://www.esdu.com/
Euromonitor (GMID)
http://www.gmid.euromonitor.com
IEEE / IEE Electronic Library Online (IEL)
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
INSIGHT
http://www.insight.asiancerc.com/
Nature
http://www.nature.com/
ProQuest Science ( formerly ASTP )
http://www.il.proquest.com/pqdauto
Springer Link
http://www.springerlink.com/
B i b l I o g r a p h i c D a t a b a s e s
COMPENDEX on EI Village
http://www.engineeringvillage2.org
INSPEC on EI Village
http://www.engineeringvillage2.org
J-Gate Custom Content for Consortia (JCCC)
http://jccc-indest.informindia.co.in/
MathSciNet
http://www.ams.org/mathscinet
SciFinder Scholar
http://www.cas.org/SCIFINDER/SCHOLAR/index.html (access through a Z39.50 Client to be installed on each PC)
Web of Science
http://isiknowledge.com
O p e n A c c e s s R e s o u r c e s
About Open Access
oaeresources.html
Open Access E-Journals
oaeresources.html#ejournals
Open Access Directories
oaeresources.html#directories
Open J-Gate
http://www.openj-gate.com/

Advantages of Consortium

à Consortia-based subscription to access electronic resources
à Substantially at lower cost
à Facilities to build digital libraries
à To provide better library services like CAS and SDI
à Cost Sharing technical and training support
à Electronic Journals provides no library space
à Consortium offered better terms of licenses for use of subscribed electronic resources
à Economy in maintain
Disadvantages of Consortium
à Absence of a printed copy of Journals
à Require training of staffs in handling electronic documents etc.
à A consortium requires high initial investments in licensees and ICT.
à Internet Access (id necessary )
à Users are not accepting e-journals as per with the printed Journals
Evaluation
à Initiation by expert and proper training must be provided
à Users needs and expectation increases
à Research scholar facilitate the information at right time
à Increased availability of computer systems may increase the use of online resources
à Proper motivation must be given to access information
à Resource Sharing of information and services to end users
à Available to latest and updated information to accompany the recent trends of computing revolution
à To access the up dated information
à Traditional approach changes in ICT

User’s Expectations with Effective services

Users need and expectation increases day by day, as technology increases reader are forced to up to date there knowledge and information services in online and this sources plays a vital role in providing high quality services through library and apart from that large number of e-resources is available in various subjects economically. World Bank reports, data bases on census, statistical hand books which are essential reference sources are available on net. Since an information sources is an ocean and it is not possible to identify all the resources and only for small ready reference regarding the online resources in libraries. The demand for online resources increases and the present system is a digital technology era, which made an active ways in services to end users
Effective Library Services by Online Resources
Library is a place for everything and steps are taken to provide better services effectively to users, within fraction of time and cooperation amongst institutions for sharing their library resources is being practiced for decades. Traditionally, primary purpose of establishing a library consortium is to share physical resources including books and periodicals, amongst members. However the mode of cooperation has gone under a transformation with infusion of new information technology from print-based environment to digital environment. Increasing number of publishers and people are using the Internet as a global ways in ICT with delivers the information with greater speeds and economy.
Epilogue
The libraries and information centers, are heavy consumers of electronic journals and online databases, stand to benefit greatly from this technology-driven revolution. The availability of IT-based electronic information products have impressed the pressures to evaluates the budgetary allocation for either procuring or accessing Web-based online resources and services and the libraries with their diminishing and full verge financial statistics to consider new ways to consolidate global resources among themselves in order to maximize their limited financial resources. The combinations of these developments have resulted in development of shared subscription or consortia-based subscription to journals everywhere in the world. Resource sharing and cooperation among users brings the boon to effective Library services to end users in this library form of management.

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On line Information Resources: A boon in Effective Library Services